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2 D Meshes and 2 D Toroids

Other • 2-D meshes are one of the easiest topologies to visualize – nodes are connected in a “grid” fashion (see Figure). The simple layout also allows many problems to map easily to the structure of this network. 2-D Mesh and 2-D Toroid 2-D meshes have unequal node degree. The node degree...

Joint Architecture Standard Overview > Network Topologies > 2 D Meshes and 2 D Toroids

3 D Meshes and 3 D Toroids

Other • 3-D meshes and 3-D toroids are similar to 2-D meshes and toroids, except the 3-D mesh/toroid is expanded along the Z-axis to provide another dimensional layer of nodes. In the case of the 3-D toroid, the topmost nodes (along the new Z-axis) are connected to the bottommost nodes (see Figure)....

Joint Architecture Standard Overview > Network Topologies > 3 D Meshes and 3 D Toroids

Acronyms

Other • Acronym Definition A/D Analog-to-Digital (as in A/D converter) ACK Acknowledge ADC Analog-to-Digital Converter API Application Program Interface APID Application Identifier APP Application CCC Cube-Connected Cycles CCITT From French: Comité Consultatif International Téléphonique et Télégraphique International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee CC-NUMA Cache Coherent-Non-Uniform Memory Access CCSDS Consultative Committee for Space...

Joint Architecture Standard Overview > Acronyms

Advantages of JAS

Other • A modern node-based architecture with reconfigurable node electronics and serial data links between nodes provides the core structure and flexibility needed to enable most of the design strategies. It offers a powerful, yet efficient, modular solution that can be scaled and configured to support payloads of virtually any size and...

Joint Architecture Standard Overview > JAS Rationale and Motivation > Advantages of JAS

Allocation of Service Types and Subtypes

Specification • The PUS provides a standard set of services that are targeted for communication between spacecraft and ground systems. Many of them may not be applicable to on-board communication between applications. However, nothing precludes their use in a JAS-based system. The PUS can be extended to add additional functionality to existing...

Communication Specification > JAS Packets > Packet Service Definitions > Allocation of Service Types and Subtypes

Applications

Profile • Common instantiations of the CH profile include, but are not limited to: Host Vehicle Interface and Configuration Manager Mission Data Processing Non-Volatile Memory Storage Mass Memory Node The CH node can operate in several capacities, the most essential of which is the Host Vehicle Interface and Configuration Manager. However, several...

Command and Host Processor Profile > Applications

Backplane Connectors

Specification • JAS electrical design should utilize commercial connector standards when applicable. The VPX plug-in module to backplane connector is a Tyco Electronics MultiGig RT2 connector system which was chosen for its rugged mechanical performance and high-speed electrical performance, rated to 6.4 Gb/s and demonstrated to support data rates greater than 10...

Electrical Specification > Electrical Interconnects > VPX > Backplane Connectors

Backplane Topology

Specification • The backplane is a key element in achieving high-speed connections between the plug-in modules or nodes in the case of a JAS system. VPX compliant backplanes support a minimum signaling rate of at least 3.125 Gbps on any differential point-to-point connection. There are a small number of required signals on...

Electrical Specification > Electrical Interconnects > VPX > Backplane Topology

Characteristics

Other • The table below describes the characteristics of JAS. Characteristic Definition Modularity Modular, scalable design capable of accommodating a wide range of applications, complexities and performance needs Configurable Topology Flexible, node-based, topologically configurable architecture that can be easily sized, configured and optimized to meet connectivity and robustness needs of a broad...

Joint Architecture Standard Overview > JAS Rationale and Motivation > Characteristics

Cleanliness

Specification • Cleanliness is an important design consideration which can be mitigated by the mechanical structure and processes. Systems adjacent to an optical payload may have more strict cleanliness requirements than non-optical payload. The following sections describe the requirements which deal with Cleanliness considerations for the JAS mechanical structure.

Mechanical Specification > Design Constraints > Cleanliness

Coincidence Distribution

Other • The figure below illustrates how the JAS supports intra-payload coincidence and triggering. There are two options: Serial Packets JAS nodes can transmit packetized signals via the communications architecture if latency requirements are not too stringent. Discrete Signals Discrete coincidence and trigger signals can be added to any node through the...

Joint Architecture Standard Overview > Coincidence Distribution

Command and Host Processor Profile

Other • The Command and Host Processor (CH) profile defines a microprocessor-based solution suitable to construct nodes for mission data processing, spacecraft interfaces, and other applications requiring software execution on microprocessor platforms. Nodes based on the CH profile work alongside other nodes within the JAS architecture. The SMAC Profile and the Communication...

Joint Architecture Standard Overview > JAS Profile Introductions > Command and Host Processor Profile

Command and Host Processor Profile

Profile • The Command and Host Processor (CH) profile defines a microprocessor-based solution suitable to construct nodes for mission data processing, spacecraft interfaces, and other applications requiring software execution on microprocessor platforms. The CH profile works alongside the RP Profile and PS Profile to implement nodes within the JAS architecture. The SMAC...

Command and Host Processor Profile

Communication Data Links

Specification • JAS nodes should communicate through one or more standard communications protocols. Serial communication protocols are the recommended approach but JAS does not preclude the use of parallel communication protocols. JAS also does not preclude the use of custom or legacy based communications.

Electrical Specification > Communication Data Links

Communications Profile

Other • The Communications Profile defines standard interfaces for facilitating communication between nodes within a JAS system. The Communications Profile focuses primarily on communication between payload applications. It leverages industry standards to support network-based communication using serial interfaces. Adherence to the Communications Profile and Communications Specification is the minimum required for a...

Joint Architecture Standard Overview > JAS Profile Introductions > Communications Profile

Companion Field Programmable Gate Array

Profile • A separate radiation-hardened companion FPGA is present on the CH node to implement timing functions, custom peripherals, and bridge to proprietary interfaces that may not be directly supported by the microprocessor. The FPGA typically attaches to the microprocessor through industry-standard bus interfaces, though the exact connection method will vary based...

Command and Host Processor Profile > Functional Description > Companion Field Programmable Gate Array

Complete and Incomplete Hypercubes

Other • An overall good performer, hypercubes are very reliable and offer good performance. Complete hypercubes have fixed size of 2^d (i.e., 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, etc, nodes) but an extension to this structure (incomplete hypercubes) allows for arbitrary size. Hypercubes are constructed by beginning with two interconnected nodes (a 1-D...

Joint Architecture Standard Overview > Network Topologies > Complete and Incomplete Hypercubes

Coordinate Definition

Specification • The JAS mechanical structure shall implement a coordinate system as a reference point for the design. The mounting of each component should be considered as the coordinate reference. The coordinate frame can originate on a pin-and-slot mounting. [Placeholder: Defining a coordinate frame helps to determine center of gravity, mass, envelopes...

Mechanical Specification > Mechanical Interface Design > Coordinate Definition

Cube Connected Cycles

Other • Cube-connected cycles (CCC) are structures based on hypercubes (see Figure). Given a hypercube of dimension d, each hypercube node is replaced with a ring of size d. This causes the node degree of all nodes to be fixed at 3 regardless of network size! This structure excels when the port...

Joint Architecture Standard Overview > Network Topologies > Cube Connected Cycles

Custom Communications

Specification • Custom communications specifications by definition are not described by any single specification. The electrical parameters will be determined by the components involved in the design. For example, if the communications utilize gigabit (GTX) transceivers in an FPGA then the electrical requirements will be prescribed by the GTX specifications.

Electrical Specification > Communication Data Links > Custom Communications

Data Types

Specification • The JAS standard does not require a specific length or encoding format for data types. Systems can define these based on what best suits their needs. Sizes, endianness, byte ordering, and bit ordering are typically driven based on the processing and memory architectures that are used. However, in order to...

Communication Specification > JAS Packets > JAS Packet Definition > Data Types

Design Constraints

Specification • The following sections define some important design constraints that the program will levy on the system. The constraints will drive many of the choices in designing the mechanical system.

Mechanical Specification > Design Constraints

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