Specification • Evaluation of buckling strength shall consider the combined action of primary and secondary stresses and their effects on general instability, local or panel instability, crippling, and creep.
Search
Cleanliness
Specification • Cleanliness is an important design consideration which can be mitigated by the mechanical structure and processes. Systems adjacent to an optical payload may have more strict cleanliness requirements than non-optical payload. The following sections describe the requirements which deal with Cleanliness considerations for the JAS mechanical structure.
Coating Surface Resistivity
Specification • The thickness of all chemical film treatments need to be controlled to provide low surface resistivity. Surface resistivity shall be less than 1 x 109 ohm/ square.
Coating Volume Resistivity
Specification • All paints and coatings shall have a volume resistivity less than 1 x 109 ohm-cm.
Coordinate Definition
Specification • The JAS mechanical structure shall implement a coordinate system as a reference point for the design. The mounting of each component should be considered as the coordinate reference. The coordinate frame can originate on a pin-and-slot mounting. [Placeholder: Defining a coordinate frame helps to determine center of gravity, mass, envelopes...
Design Constraints
Specification • The following sections define some important design constraints that the program will levy on the system. The constraints will drive many of the choices in designing the mechanical system.
Design Thickness
Specification • For strength and buckling analyses, minimum material thickness shall be used. Minimum thickness is defined as the nominal thickness minus the lower tolerance and applies to metallic and nonmetallic structural elements. For modeling purposes and stiffness calculations, use nominal or expected values. For flexures the Maximum blade thickness shall be...
Design Ultimate Load
Specification • The JAS mechanical structure shall have sufficient strength to simultaneously withstand design ultimate loads, the corresponding temperature, pressure and accompanying environmental phenomena without failure.
Design Yield Load
Specification • The JAS mechanical structure shall withstand design yield loads, the corresponding temperature, pressure and associated environmental phenomena without permanent deformations, or permanent misalignments, of all components.
Electrical Bonding
Specification • Each equipment design shall provide electrical continuity across mechanical interfaces in accordance with the design requirements of this specification. Electrical continuity will be achieved to the maximum practical extent by direct metal-to-metal contact across the entire interface surface. If the electrical resistance across mechanical interfaces is measured to be less...
Electromagnetic Compatibility
Specification • Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) and Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) are important design considerations which can be mitigated by the mechanical structure. EMI limits may be in place due to application-specific requirements, but more importantly, EMI can be detrimental to electronics because of the sensitive nature of many of the modern systems and...
Envelope
Specification • The assembled JAS mechanical structure shall attempt to fit the space available without violating any system-level keep out zones.
Environmental Exposure
Specification • Unless otherwise specified, the JAS mechanical structure shall meet these specifications during or after exposure to all environmental conditions specified in the Environmental specification. All of the intended application’s performance parameters must be considered to determine if the mechanical design can withstand the impacts of all environments.
Exposure to Space Environment
Specification • This section is a system level consideration and is included for information purposes only. The view to space shall be considered for both thermal and radiation effects. Thermal-related issue: heat-dissipation Radiation-related: TID (lifetime), SEE, shielding and impact on mass
Factors of Safety
Specification • The JAS mechanical structure shall have strength margins of safety greater than zero when calculated from analytically derived structural loads. The factors of safety (FS), shown in the first table below, and test load factors, shown in the second table below, shall be applied to the limit loads. All laminated...
Fatigue
Specification • The JAS mechanical structure metallic elements shall be designed to withstand the effects of cyclic load condition caused by the design environment. The design environment includes all ground handling transportation, testing, launch and on orbit operational environments indicated in the Environmental Specification. MSFC-HDBK-505 Chapter 7 shall be implemented for fatigue...
Form Factor
Specification • While no specific form factor standard is specified in JAS it is highly recommended that programs make use of a standards-based mechanical design such as VPX defined by VITA. Although VPX is preferred, other standards may be considered for use as well. The consideration of alternate standards should carefully consider...
Fundamental Frequency
Specification • The first mode of the JAS mechanical structure shall be greater than 500 Hz when mounted to a rigid surface.
Gasketing
Specification • The JAS mechanical structure shall use EMI gasketing to reduce EMI emissions as appropriate for the intended application.
Gravity Release Impact
Specification • The JAS mechanical structure shall remain within given displacements as applied by determining gravity release impacts on the mechanical structure.
Grounding
Specification • Grounding provisions are required for the mechanical design to eliminate the potential for ESD charging on floating metal. Any component members with surface areas greater than 20 cm2 shall have a grounding provision. Bolted fittings are acceptable as grounding provisions if the joint meets the electrical resistance requirement for bonding....
Humidity Impact
Specification • The JAS mechanical structure shall maintain the electronics/PCBs within given displacements as applied by determining humidity impacts on the mechanical structure. If composite structures are used, the humidity should remain between a saturated composite at nominal 60% RH test area and a dry composite at 0% RH humidity vacuum environment...
Interface Control
Specification • The JAS mechanical structure shall be designed to a prescribed Interface Control Drawing (ICD) as required by the application. Requirements called out in the ICD should include an answer to most of the design considerations in this specification.
Junction Temperatures
Specification • The design shall show positive margin against thermal design so junction temperatures do not exceed maximum component values for worst case orbits at beginning (BOL) and end of life (EOL).
Life
Specification • The JAS mechanical structure shall be constructed of materials capable of performing for the necessary mission life time (for example, 3 years storage in an inert atmosphere and 10 years on orbit). This analysis will require extensive parts and materials screening and processing.
MAGE Strength
Specification • The JAS mechanical structure shall consider tooling to hold it while installing and transporting components. Features for mounting the hardware that supports the system shall be included. A static 4 G load shall be used with positive margins per this document. Mechanical Aerospace Ground Equipment (MAGE)
Margins of Safety
Specification • Margin of Safety (MS) is defined as MS = 1/R - 1, where R is the ratio of the factored applied load (or stress) to the allowable load (or stress) and shall be greater than 0. Margin of Safety Calculation The specific failure theory used to determine the allowable load...
Mass Properties
Specification • The JAS mechanical structure shall attempt to optimize mass, center of gravity, and moments of inertia.
Material Properties and Allowables
Specification • The JAS mechanical structure design of the metallic parts shall use A Basis allowables from MIL-HDBK-5 or equivalent. The design of the composite parts shall use B Basis allowables generated using the methodology in MIL-HDBK-17 or equivalent.
Materials
Specification • The JAS mechanical structure shall be constructed of materials capable of performing at the specified orbit for a minimum of ten years after being stored in an inert gas environment and after exposure to clean air during testing, launch, and ascension. The use of the following materials is prohibited: Zinc,...
Mechanical Interface Design
Specification • The JAS mechanical structure as described in this Mechanical specification will support applications intended for a space environment and will provide stable mechanical structure for the electronics during launch and while operating in a high vacuum.
Mechanical Specification
Specification • The Mechanical Specification provides details about mechanical interface design, environmental impacts, and design constraints that should be considered for implementing mechanical structures in a JAS-based system. The figure below provides context of where the Mechanical Specification resides in the JAS standard. JAS Standard Hierarchy
Molecular Contamination
Specification • For all components that will be in the vicinity of an optical payload and anywhere that contamination at the molecular level is an issue, all parts and materials must comply with ASTM E 595 for less than 1% Total Mass Loss (TML) and 0.1% CVCM. Thermal bake-out of all components...
Molecular Thermovac Testing
Specification • Thermovac temperature testing is required to determine dissipation at full power modes. A test plan needs to be developed and coordinated with the System Engineer.
Mounting Distortion Impact
Specification • The JAS mechanical structure shall maintain the electronics/PCBs listed below within given positions with distortions less than expected for the intended application.
Obscuration
Specification • All JAS mechanical structure components shall be placed to prevent obscuration of the system view of space if the JAS electronics box will be used to radiate. Structural elements shall be kept an appropriate distance away from the JAS electronics housings.
Packaging for Thermal Dissipation
Specification • The preliminary JAS mounting details are defined by the baseplate details in ICD drawing xxxxxx. The JAS electronics box is meant to mount through the blue baseplate shown in the figure below. The figure shows a nominal 3x3 stack in an exploded view. JAS Mounting Exploded View Conducted Self-radiated panels...
Particulate Contamination
Specification • Internal Cavities will be wiped clean with isopropyl alcohol and allowed to air dry for 30 minutes prior to close out; the structure will be covered during the drying process. The surfaces will be visibly clean. Visibly clean is defined as no contamination visible when viewed from 6-18 inches away...
Potential Flight Capability
Specification • Each component of the JAS mechanical structure should consider Flight capability as this will force consideration of design, flight, and test environments described in this specification. The JAS mechanical structure should be designed for the specific application intended.
Screened Venting
Specification • Where venting requires a screen to maintain cleanliness requirements, based on a 5µ Pall Rigidmesh screen, there shall be 1.5 in^2 or greater screen area per ft^3 of volume where the volume is the sum of multiple daisy-chained volumes. The daisy chained volumes shall be vented.
Shielding
Specification • The JAS mechanical structure shall provide EMI shielding which meets 60db shielding effectiveness from 0.1 to 1 GHz for the FPA Sensor box with covers in place.
Strength Qualification
Specification • The JAS mechanical structure design shall possess sufficient strength and rigidity to withstand environmental conditions defined in this document. Load Conditions
Structural Integrity
Specification • The JAS mechanical structure design shall possess sufficient strength and rigidity to withstand environmental conditions defined in this document.
Thermal Impact
Specification • The JAS mechanical structure shall be designed to maintain the electronics/PCBs within given displacements while the system is in operation as applied by determining thermal impacts on the mechanical structure. The operational thermal environments of a nominal orbit need to be applied to the mechanical model as necessary to ensure...
Thermal Loads
Specification • Yield and ultimate thermal loads for hardware subject to thermal tests shall be calculated by either Alternate A or Alternate B, as defined below, whichever produces the maximum load. These thermal loads are not to be used for fatigue. Alternate A: Yield thermal load (YTL) = Predicted thermal load (PTL)...
Unscreened Venting
Specification • All closed volumes in JAS mechanical structure shall have a minimum venting area requirement of 0.25 in^2 or greater venting area per ft^3 of volume.
Vacuum Impact
Specification • The JAS electronics shall consider testing in a thermal vacuum environment because inadequately heat-sunk parts will fail/burn-up. Overheating is the issue, exceeding maximum junction temperatures.
Venting
Specification • The JAS mechanical structure shall have no confined or captured volumes. Venting ports shall be provided to prevent damage, or the release of gases, due to pressure changes during testing, transportation, and launch. Threads need not be vented.